Introduction

Ovarian torsion is a serious condition that affects women. It happens when an ovary twists around the tissues that support it. As a result, blood flow to the ovary can be cut off. This can cause sudden and severe pain. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency. If not treated quickly, it can damage the ovary. Therefore, knowing the signs and getting help fast is very important.

Symptoms

Ovarian torsion symptoms often appear suddenly. However, they can sometimes be mild at first. It is important to watch for these signs:

Severe pain in the lower belly, often on one side

Pain that comes and goes or gets worse over time

Nausea or vomiting

Feeling bloated or having a swollen belly

Fever (in rare cases)

Sometimes, the pain may spread to the back or thigh. If you notice these symptoms, seek help right away. Early treatment can protect your health.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ovarian torsion can happen to women of any age. Still, some factors make it more likely. For example, having an ovarian cyst or mass can increase the risk. Here are some common causes and risk factors:

Ovarian cysts or tumors

Enlarged ovaries

Fertility treatments that cause the ovaries to swell

Pregnancy, especially in the first trimester

Previous episodes of ovarian torsion

In some cases, the cause is not clear. But knowing your risk can help you stay alert to symptoms.

Diagnosis

Doctors use several steps to diagnose ovarian torsion. First, they will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, they may do a physical exam. Because ovarian torsion shares symptoms with other problems, tests are needed. These may include:

Pelvic ultrasound to look at the ovaries

Blood tests to check for signs of damage or infection

CT scan or MRI in some cases

Even with tests, ovarian torsion can be hard to confirm. Sometimes, surgery is needed to make a final diagnosis. Quick action is key to saving the ovary.

Treatment Options

Treatment for ovarian torsion usually means surgery. The goal is to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. There are two main types of surgery:

Laparoscopy: A small camera and tools are used through tiny cuts

Laparotomy: A larger cut is made if the case is more complex

If the ovary is healthy after untwisting, it can often be saved. However, if it is badly damaged, it may need to be removed. Early treatment gives the best chance to keep the ovary. Pain medicine and fluids may also be given during recovery.

Prevention and Lifestyle Guidance

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk. For instance, regular check-ups help find ovarian cysts early. If you have known risk factors, talk to your doctor about your options. Here are some tips:

Attend routine gynecological exams

Report new or severe pelvic pain right away

Follow your doctor’s advice if you are on fertility treatments

Stay aware of your body’s changes

Healthy habits and open communication with your doctor can help catch problems early.

When to Seek Medical Help

Ovarian torsion is an emergency. If you have sudden, severe pelvic pain, do not wait. Especially if the pain is on one side, or you have nausea or vomiting, seek help now. Quick treatment can save your ovary and prevent other problems. Always trust your instincts and get checked if you feel something is wrong.

Conclusion

Ovarian torsion is a serious but treatable condition. Knowing the symptoms and acting fast can make a big difference. If you have concerns or notice warning signs, consult a specialist for personalized guidance.